In choosing your own topic for a term paper you should look for some particular issue or argument that gives rise to philosophic criticism. Your paper should introduce the topic with enough summary of the relevant author's (or authors') views to set it into context. You should then present the criticism and discuss possible responses on the part of the author(s) in question. Your own view should emerge from a careful consideration of the author's views and the criticism leveled against it.

It's not necessary to reach a firm conclusion. More important is understanding and exploring the issue, though you should make it clear which position you're considering at any point in the paper. My emphasis in evaluating the paper is on the coherency of your explanations and the worth of the reasons you present for your own positions or criticisms of others' positions.

One recommended strategy is to write a rough draft and then read it over (or ask a friend to read it over) from the standpoint of someone who doesn't necessarily know what you mean or share your point of view. Write in questions and objections from that standpoint; then answer them in your final draft for a more complete and convincing version of your argument. This will force you to back up any assertions you make with reasons.

Bear in mind that a succession of unsupported assertions on a topic you feel strongly about is not what philosophers have in mind by an argument and hence is not acceptable as a philosophy paper.

In general, the most straightforward approach to the task of writing a philosophy paper would simply involve (1) picking out a point in some of our readings that seems both significant and open to question, (2) explaining how it comes up in the author's work, and why it's both significant and open to question, and (3) attempting to show how the author might respond to the questions or objections raised and how well the response succeeds. However, this isn't the only possible format, and I don't want to impose it as a required model.

I do insist, on the other hand, that the paper actually engage with the issues and arguments dealt with in a given course. What's wanted is original criticism--not a manifesto proclaiming your views on the general subject, but a reasoning argument with (or in defense of) one of the authors discussed in the course.

Length requirements for the paper are stated in the syllabus for a particular course. The finished paper should be double-spaced, with page numbers given to back up any detailed reference to what you've read (not just direct quotations, which in any case should be minimized), along with a citation in the proper format for any outside sources consulted. Though secondary material can be helpful, the paper is not intended as a research paper or a book review but rather as an attempt to develop your own argumentative skills.

If you wish to write on a special topic, or if you're uncertain whether you've settled on a reasonable topic, come to my office hours or make an appointment to discuss the matter. I can't read over full drafts of the paper in advance, but I'll be happy to give feedback on a brief (c. two-page, single-spaced) account of your plans for the paper, or an introductory section outlining them, if you can get it to me before the last two weeks of the term.

Term papers are due at the latest at the time of the final exam (as listed in the Unversity schedule), though they have to be in earlier (preferably by the last class) to allow time for detailed comments. Since grades are due very soon after the date assigned to the final exam, late papers can't be accepted from undergraduates except under extreme circumstances and by prior agreement; see my discussion of due dates for the Philosophy Department's policy on Incompletes.

Graded papers will be available in the Department office after grades have been submitted; students who wish to have papers mailed to them or to receive notification of their grades should supply a stamped, self-addressed envelope.


Click for a sample of an A paper in PHIL 341
For more general advice on writing philosophy papers and exams, students are encouraged to consult the Philosophy Department guidelines.
See also the excellent guidelines for philosophy papers written up by a TA