Phil 140; Spring 2009; Sample Exam Questions

True/False (2 points):

T F All deductive arguments that are sound are also valid.

T F Peter Singer tries to establish that all living things have interests.

T F According to Ruth Benedict, if something is normal according to our culture, then it can't be normal according to some other culture.


Multiple Choice (3 points):

If an argument is (deductively) unsound, then:

a] All of its premises must be false.
b] It must be invalid.
c] Its conclusion must be false.
d] Just b] and c].
e] None of the above.

Short Answer (6 points; Your answer must be in complete sentences.)

According to Singer, beings have interests if and only if they are capable of suffering. In your own words, explain what this claim means and how Singer defends it.

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